rotogravure printing, system of printing based on the transfer of fluid ink from depressions in a printing plate to the paper. It is an intaglio process, so-called because the design to be printed is etched or engraved below the surface of the printing plate. At the start of the gravure printing process, the plate is covered with ink and the surface is then wiped clean. When paper is pressed against the inked plate, the paper penetrates the sunken parts slightly and draws out the ink.
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All copy (the material to be reproduced, or printed) in rotogravure printing is prepared as positive film. A gravure printing plate made of copper is then prepared to accept photomechanical transfer by means of a gravure screen; this is a grid of closely intersecting lines that create thousands of tiny squares on the plate, which will in turn react differentially to an etching bath after the plate has been exposed to light through the positive film. The varying depths of the etched cells determine the tones of the printed image, with deeper cells holding more ink (and thus printing darker) than shallow cells, which may hold no ink at all.
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In the printing process, the cylinder bearing the printing plates is usually arranged so that during its rotary movement it passes through a trough filled with a thin solution of fast-drying ink, or is sprayed with ink instead. A thin steel blade (called the doctor blade) moves across the cylinder and removes the ink from the plate’s surface but not from the tiny depressions in its cells. The plate cylinder then comes in contact with the paper, and the paper draws the ink out of the depressions in the plate. In colour rotogravure printing, a separate cylinder is prepared for each colour.
More From Britannica printing: RotogravureThe Rotogravure Printing Machine is an example of printing technology. offering a myriad of advantages that set it apart in the industry. Because of the accuracy of the engraved cylinders, it can produce remarkably high-quality picture reproduction, which is one of its main advantages. Advanced registration control technologies help to assure uniform excellence in print quality throughout huge print runs. The Rotogravure Printing machine is a highly economical option for large-scale printing projects due to its ability to balance high speed, efficient operation with early setup expenses. Its ability to work with a wide range of substrates, including paper and plastic films, demonstrates its adaptability and enables a variety of uses, including labels, packaging, and ornamental prints. The machine's extended lifespan and low maintenance needs are a result of the robustness of the copper-plated printing cylinders and its effective ink transfer.
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