Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) is a phenomenon where metals, particularly high-strength steels, titanium, and some alloys, become brittle and fracture due to the absorption and diffusion of hydrogen atoms. It occurs when hydrogen penetrates the metal lattice, reducing ductility and load-bearing capacity, often leading to sudden catastrophic failures under stress.
Author: Marisa
Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE) is a phenomenon where metals, particularly high-strength steels, titanium, and some alloys, become brittle and fracture due to the absorption and diffusion of hydrogen atoms. It occurs when hydrogen penetrates the metal lattice, reducing ductility and load-bearing capacity, often leading to sudden catastrophic failures under stress.
Hydrogen Sources: Electroplating, corrosion, welding, or exposure to hydrogen-containing environments (e.g., acids, high-pressure H₂ gas).
Material Susceptibility: High-strength steels, hardened alloys, and some non-ferrous metals are most vulnerable.
Stress Conditions: Tensile stress (applied or residual) accelerates cracking.
Hydrogen Enhanced Decohesion (HEDE): Hydrogen weakens atomic bonds.
Hydrogen Enhanced Localized Plasticity (HELP): Hydrogen promotes localized deformation.
Hydride Formation: In some metals (e.g., titanium), brittle hydride phases form.
Material Selection: Use alloys resistant to HE.
Process Control: Avoid hydrogen introduction during manufacturing (e.g., low-hydrogen welding).
Post-Treatment: Baking to remove trapped hydrogen.
Environmental Control: Protective coatings or inhibitors.
Aerospace, oil & gas, automotive, and nuclear industries where high-strength materials face hydrogen exposure.
Hydrogen embrittlement is a critical concern in engineering, requiring careful design and material handling to prevent unexpected failures.