Inside the cylinder body, which is designed for the maximum system pressure, the working piston moves with the piston rod. The direction of movement depends on whether the fluid is supplied from the rod side or from the bottom side, resulting in an inward or outward movement. The fluid displaced on the opposite side of the piston is normally returned to the reservoir. The piston, which is fitted with seals, separates the two cylinder chambers and minimizes internal leakage. The cylinder body is closed at the ends with cylinder covers which are either bolted on, welded on or braced with tie rods. These covers house the hydraulic connections, the end-position cushioning and the piston rod guide with the piston rod seals.
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The piston rod seals largely prevent hydraulic fluid from escaping from the cylinder and dirt particles from entering the hydraulic system. Small imperfections can occur on the surface of the piston rod, causing fluid to remain in the depressions and potentially introduce debris into the hydraulic system. The design of the piston rod surface greatly reduces this effect, at least in new equipment.
Single-acting cylinders are designed so that only one side of the piston is pressurized with hydraulic fluid. This means that they can only perform work in one direction. The reset is performed either by an external force, by its own weight or by a separate spring. A special form are plunger cylinders, in which the piston rod surface alone determines the lifting force. Under the same conditions, they produce a lower lifting force than cylinders with disc pistons, but have better mechanical efficiency. Since this design eliminates the additional guidance provided by the piston, external axial guidance of the entire system is essential.
Telescopic cylinders are a type of cylinder in which several pistons arranged one behind the other are extended or retracted telescopically. This design allows only a discontinuous working speed. The telescopic pistons are lowered either by their own mass or by an external force. Telescopic cylinders are available in single-acting and double-acting versions. They are used in confined spaces or very long working lengths.
Synchronized telescopic cylinders have a special design in which the cylinder spaces of the individual stages are connected by additional cylinder ring spaces. Thus, a constant area is realized for each cylinder stage. As a result, all pistons are moved simultaneously and at a constant speed without pressure or speed shocks.
Double-acting hydraulic cylinders, which are used in many applications, have two piston surfaces to which hydraulic fluid can be applied. This allows work to be carried out in both directions of movement. The cylinder is often controlled by 4/2 or 4/3 directional control valves.
Depending on the working direction, either the entire piston surface or only the ring surface is exposed to pressurized liquid. This means that the achievable piston forces for p=const. and the feed rates for Q=const. are not equal in the two directions of movement of the cylinder.
Cylinders with piston rods on both sides (synchronized cylinders) represent a special case, in which only the ring surface is pressurized with pressure fluid, depending on the working direction. As a result, the cylinder has the same properties in both directions of motion. These cylinders are often used in machine tools or as steering cylinders in mobile machinery.
Hinged eye mounting: Here, joint eyes are attached to both ends of the cylinder. These joint eyes have holes through which bolts or can be guided.
The articulated eye mounting provides more flexibility when mounting the hydraulic cylinder. It allows some freedom of movement and alignment of the cylinder in the application. Small angular deviations or inaccuracies can be compensated for by rotating the articulated eyes.
Swivel eye mounting: Swivel eye mounting is a common method of mounting hydraulic cylinders. It allows the cylinder to rotate or pivot during extension and retraction. This can be useful when the cylinder is used in an application that requires some mobility or flexibility, such as certain types of machinery or vehicles. A common method of attachment is by means of so-called clevises:
These have a fork shape and can be used to fix a cylinder in a certain position while allowing it some mobility.
Flange mounting: With flange mounting, the cylinder head of the hydraulic cylinder is attached directly to the machine or implement with a flange plate or flange ring. This method provides a stable and secure connection between the cylinder and the application.
Threaded mounting: Some hydraulic cylinders have threaded holes in the cylinder head that allow the cylinder to be mounted directly to a corresponding threaded hole in the application. This method provides a strong connection and does not require additional fasteners such as flanges or bolts.
A hydraulic rotary actuator can be used to control the rotation and adjustment of cranes, tower cranes, telescopic booms and other equipment to ensure the safety and efficiency of the construction process. The angle a construction machine can rotate is up to the hydraulic rotary actuator. That means, a 180 degree hydraulic rotary actuator can make it possible for the telescopic arm of an excavator to rotate in 0 to 180 degrees.
In this post, we will introduce to you the working principle, features, types and applications of a 180 degree hydraulic rotary actuator. You can follow the post step by step, or you can jump to the related section you want to learn. Let’s dive in.
What is the Working Principle?
What Are the Features of the Hydraulic Rotary Actuator?
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How Many Types Are There?
Applications of Hydraulic Rotary Actuator
The hydraulic rotary actuator is a tightly assembled accessory capable of achieving high torque in a small space while still allowing precise and easy control. Its working principle is based on a system with multiple helical gears, which convert the linear motion of the piston into a rotary motion. It is designed with multiple helical gears inside. When the piston in the hydraulic cylinder is acted upon by hydraulic pressure, it will move linearly. This linear motion is converted into rotational motion through a helical gear system, thereby achieving the rotation of the cylinder. By precisely controlling the flow and pressure of hydraulic oil, precise control of the rotation angle and speed of the rotary cylinder can be achieved, enabling it to achieve 180° rotation. The longer the linear motion of the piston, the greater the rotational motion.
There are many features for general hydraulic rotary actuators, such as high torque, easy to install, zero internal leakages, smooth operation, durable, fit in tight spaces, etc.
High Torque: It can provide high torque in a small space and meet various high load and high precision working requirements. The products produced by Weitai reach the max drive torque of 4,200N·m. It can meet the most customer requirements.
Easy to Install: The hydraulic rotary actuator is an integrated design. As long as the machine model is adapted, it can be installed in a short time, reducing downtime and improving work efficiency.
Fit in Tight Spaces: The hydraulic rotary actuator is designed with a compact structure. That makes it work efficient in the tight spaces. Its compact design allows it to fit into a variety of small spaces and function effectively both inside and outside machinery and equipment. In addition, the rotation angle range of the rotary actuator is also an important factor affecting its space applicability. Multiple rotation angle options (such as 90°, 180°, 270° and 360°) allow it to flexibly adapt to different space layouts and rotation needs.
Durable: To ensure the functional effectiveness and reliability of hydraulic rotary actuators, high manufacturing precision and a well-sealed housing are designed to protect the cylinder interior from dust, dirt and moisture. Therefore, they are suitable for various tough environments.
Smooth Operation: The manufacturing accuracy and assembly quality of a hydraulic rotary actuator directly affect the smoothness of its operation. High-precision manufacturing can ensure the precise fit of the internal parts of the cylinder, reducing friction and resistance, thus improving the smoothness of operation. What’s more, the viscosity and fluidity of hydraulic oil have an important impact on the operating performance of the cylinder. Selecting the appropriate hydraulic oil can ensure that the cylinder has good lubrication and fluidity during operation, and can reduce stuck or increased resistance caused by inappropriate hydraulic oil.
There are many types of hydraulic rotary cylinders, and they play an important role in different application scenarios.
This kind of oil cylinder has a two-stage or multi-stage piston. The piston extension sequence is from large to small, while the no-load retraction sequence is generally from small to large. This design allows the cylinder to achieve a longer stroke, while at the same time having a shorter length when retracted and a compact structure. It is often used in construction machinery and agricultural machinery.
The design of this cylinder focuses on its high-precision features to meet application scenarios that have strict requirements on rotation angle and position.
This type of actuator is suitable for working environments with large loads and high pressure, such as heavy machinery, excavators, etc.
A 180° hydraulic rotating actuator is widely used in many fields due to its unique working principle and characteristics.
Agricultural Machines: such as steering, boom positioning, head rotation, conveyor swing, etc.
Engineering machinery: such as excavators, loaders, etc., use 180° hydraulic rotating actuators to achieve flexible rotation and positioning of equipment and improve work efficiency.
Aerospace equipment: In aircraft landing gear, steering gear and other parts, the 180° hydraulic rotary actuator can provide stable rotation to ensure flight safety.
The hydraulic rotary actuator is a powerful and widely used piece of equipment. With its unique working principle, high torque, precise control, and compactness and durability, the 180° hydraulic rotating actuator plays an important role in various scenarios that require precise rotation and control.
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